Design and Implementation of Microcontroller based Smart Battery Management System

Aim:

            The mainstay of the project is to design and develop a Smart Battery Management System. The system seeks to enhance safety and efficiency by providing immediate responses to detected anomalies and ensuring optimal battery performance through cloud-based data updates and integrated control mechanisms.

Introduction:

          In the rapidly evolving field of technology, efficient and reliable battery management is crucial for the performance and longevity of electronic systems. The integration of advanced microcontroller technology offers significant improvements in monitoring and controlling battery systems. This project focuses on the development of a Smart Battery Management System (SBMS) utilizing the ESP32 microcontroller as the central controller and data transmitter. this system continuously monitors a 5V battery through current, voltage, and temperature sensors. The data collected is displayed on an LCD screen and transmitted to the Firebase cloud for remote access. The system includes a two-channel relay to manage a DC motor and a DC fan. The DC motor acts as the battery outlet, operating under normal conditions but stopping if any sensors detect anomalies such as over current, overvoltage, or high temperature. In such cases, the LCD and cloud interface are updated with the reason for the motor’s stoppage. The DC fan provides additional cooling when temperatures rise beyond safe limits. This SBMS not only ensures optimal battery performance but also enhances safety by preventing potential hazards associated with battery malfunctions. Through real-time monitoring and automated responses, this system offers a comprehensive solution for managing battery health and efficiency, demonstrating a significant leap in smart battery management technology.

Proposed System:

        The proposed Smart Battery Management System (SBMS) utilizes the ESP32 microcontroller to deliver a sophisticated solution for real-time battery monitoring and control. Central to the system is the ESP32, which not only processes data from multiple sensors—measuring current, voltage, and temperature—but also transmits this information to the Firebase cloud for continuous remote monitoring. The system incorporates an LCD display for local data visualization, ensuring immediate access to battery metrics. It features a two-channel relay that manages a DC motor  where the DC motor operates as the battery outlet under normal conditions. In response to detected anomalies, such as over current, overvoltage, or excessive temperature, the system automatically stops the DC motor, and both the LCD and cloud interface are updated with the specific reason for the stoppage. This integrated approach enhances battery management by ensuring timely responses to potential issues, improving both safety and efficiency. By combining real-time data monitoring with automated control mechanisms, the proposed SBMS represents a significant advancement in smart battery management technology.